Living things do these, non-living things don't.
Regulation of the internal environment.
Positive feedback systems: maximizes; receptor, control center, effector
Negative feedback systems: minimizes; receptor, control center, effector
Anatomical position
Supine/ Prone
Right/ Left
Proximal/ Distal
Superior (Cephalic)/ Inferior (Caudal)
Medial/ Lateral
Anterior (Ventral) / Posterior (Dorsal)
Superficial/ Deep
Abdominal Subdivisions
Planar Cuts
Body Cavities
Serous Membranes
Basic Chemistry
Periodic Table information (Mass and Atomic Number)
Atomic Structure
Bonding
Name the three types
Chemical Reactions
Types of reactions
Equilibrium
Energy in Reactions
Rates
Acid-Base chemistry
pH and pOH
Lewis Acids
Lewis Bases
Bronsted-Lowry Acids
Bronsted-Lowry Bases
Salts
Buffers
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Cells and Tissues
Cells combine to make tissues. Tissues combine to make organs. Organs combine to make systems. Systems combine to make the body.
Cell Parts
Plasma Membrane
Cytosol
Fluid
Cytoplasmic inclusions
Cytoskeleton
Microtubules
Actin filaments
Intermediate filaments
Nucleus
Nuclear Envelope
Chromatin
Nucleolus
Organelles:
Ribosomes
Rough and Smooth ER
Golgi apparatus
Secretory vesicle
Lysosome
Peroxisome
Proeasomes
Mitochondria
Centrioles
Spindle Fibers
Cilia
Flagellum
Microvilli
Membrane Transport
Transcription
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Enzymes
Translation
Fats
Saturated vs unsaturated
Carbohydrates/Sugars
Fructose
lactose
sucrose
Proteins
X and Y
Recessive and Dominant
Sex linked
Punnett Squares
Genetic Disorders
Sex disorders XXY, Klinefelter's, etc.
Mutation
Stages of development of the fetus
Embryonic Tissue
Layers
Epithelial Tissues
Function
Types:
Compare and contrast the eight different types of epithelium (structure and function). Give an example of each type.
Cell Connections
What are the five ways cells are connected? How does each one work? Compare and contrast.
Glands
Function
Types
What are the four ways to classify glands?
Connective Tissues
What are the structures and functions of each type of connective tissue? Give an example of where each can be found.
Mesenchyme
Loose
Dense (there are four different types of dense connective tissue, address each one.)
Special Connective tissues (there are two)
Cartilage (there are three)
Bone (there are two)
Blood (what are the components of blood?)
Muscular Tissue
What are the three types? How are they different in structure and function?
Nervous Tissue: Nervous tissue is made up of the neurons and neuroglia
Function of neurons and neuroglia
What are the parts of a neuron?
Membranes
Function
What are the three types?
Inflammatory Mediators
Function
Relationship to tissue -- why are they discussed in this chapter?
What are these mediators?
Tissue Repair
There's inflammation. Now what?
What are the three kinds of cells in terms of repairability?
Layers of the skin?
Epidermis: What are the layers? What are a few identifying structures or features of each layer?
Thick Skin vs Thin Skin?
Skin color factors?
Albinism?
Dermis: What are the layers? Give a few identifying features of each one.
Subcutaneous: What are the three primary cell types in the subcutaneous layer?
Accessory Structures
Hair: Name three types of hair. Name the structures and some features of these structures.
Glands: What are the two types? Name the subdivisions for the appropriate gland.
Nails: Name the parts of the nail. What are nails for?
Bones
Name the structural features of the bone
Bone Histology (tissue types in the bone)
Name the types of bone
Extra Credit Fun Fact: What is the one bone in the body that isn't connected to another one (called a "floating bone")?
Types of joints
Pivot
Ball and Socket
Hinge
Gliding
Saddle
Motions
Circumduction
Rotation
Adduction/Abduction
Extension/Flexion
Hyperextention
Lateral Extension/Flexion
Insertion
The part of the muscle that moves
Origin
the part of the muscle that doesn't move
Naming
Sliding Filament Theory
Anatomy of a nerve
Axon
Nerve Body
Glial Cell
How do signals travel?
Enzymes
Glands
Immunity?
the Ig's
Antibodies
Blood
Content
types of blood cells
Heart
Chambers
Valves
Arteries
Veins
Arteries
Veins
Path of blood through the circulatory system
Lymph nodes
Function of lymph
Branches
Lungs
Alveoli
Gas transfer
Organs
Enzymes
Path of food
Kidneys
Nephrons
ducts
Bladder
Male
Testes
tubes
Female
Ovaries
Uterus
tubes
This page is a summary of the material. It functions as a quick reference, or a study guide, NOT a replacement for reading the chapters or going to lecture. These are things that are emphasized in the course -- the basics that you should be familiar with in terms of identifing and explaining concepts and processes.